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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

متلازمة تكيس المبايض

reproductiveLast reviewed: April 2026

What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 1 in 5 women of reproductive age worldwide and is particularly prevalent in the UAE and Gulf region. The condition involves a hormonal imbalance that disrupts ovulation, leading to irregular or absent periods and the development of small fluid-filled sacs (cysts) on the ovaries. PCOS is closely linked to insulin resistance, which means affected women are at higher risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Early diagnosis through hormone and metabolic testing allows effective management of symptoms and long-term health risks.

Symptoms

  • ●Irregular or missed periods
  • ●Excess facial and body hair (hirsutism)
  • ●Acne and oily skin
  • ●Weight gain especially around the abdomen
  • ●Thinning hair on the scalp
  • ●Difficulty getting pregnant
  • ●Darkening of skin in body creases

What Causes Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

The exact cause is unknown, but PCOS involves a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Insulin resistance plays a central role, causing the ovaries to produce excess androgens. Chronic low-grade inflammation also contributes to elevated androgen production.

Risk Factors

  • ⚠Family history of PCOS
  • ⚠Obesity or excess weight
  • ⚠Insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes
  • ⚠Sedentary lifestyle
  • ⚠Chronic stress

How to Prevent Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Maintaining a healthy weight through regular exercise and a balanced diet can significantly reduce PCOS symptoms. Limiting refined carbohydrates and sugars helps manage insulin resistance. Early medical consultation for menstrual irregularities is recommended.

When to Get Tested

Test if you have irregular periods, difficulty conceiving, unexplained weight gain, or excess hair growth. Women with a family history of PCOS should also consider screening.

References & Sources

Related Conditions

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Endometriosis

A chronic condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, causing pain, inflammation, and potential fertility issues. It affects an estimated 10% of reproductive-age women globally.

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Male Infertility

A condition where a man has a reduced ability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female partner. Male factors contribute to approximately 50% of all infertility cases and are often treatable with proper diagnosis.

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Menopause

A natural biological transition marking the end of menstrual cycles, typically occurring between ages 45 and 55. Declining estrogen levels cause a range of symptoms that can significantly impact quality of life.

Medical Disclaimer: The information on this page is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult your physician or qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. The content is based on publicly available medical literature and should not replace professional medical consultation.