Menopause

What is Menopause?

Menopause is confirmed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. The transition phase, called perimenopause, can begin several years before the final period and involves fluctuating hormone levels. Declining estrogen affects multiple body systems, increasing the risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic changes. In the UAE, where vitamin D deficiency is already widespread, menopausal bone loss may be accelerated. Hormone testing helps confirm menopausal status and guides decisions about hormone replacement therapy and preventive health strategies.

Symptoms

• ●Hot flashes and night sweats
• ●Irregular periods before cessation
• ●Vaginal dryness and discomfort
• ●Sleep disturbances and insomnia
• ●Mood changes and irritability
• ●Weight gain and slowed metabolism
• ●Decreased bone density

What Causes Menopause?

Menopause is caused by the natural decline in ovarian function and the associated drop in estrogen and progesterone production. Premature menopause can result from surgical removal of ovaries, chemotherapy, or autoimmune conditions that damage ovarian tissue.

Risk Factors

• ⚠Age over 45 years
• ⚠Family history of early menopause
• ⚠Smoking (accelerates menopause by 1-2 years)
• ⚠History of ovarian surgery
• ⚠Autoimmune conditions

How to Prevent Menopause

Regular weight-bearing exercise and adequate calcium and vitamin D intake support bone health during the transition. A balanced diet rich in phytoestrogens and maintaining a healthy weight can alleviate symptoms. Discussing hormone replacement therapy with a physician is recommended for symptom management.

When to Get Tested

Test if you are over 40 and experiencing irregular periods, hot flashes, or other menopausal symptoms. Testing is especially important if you suspect premature menopause before age 40.

References & Sources

• [1]
  Mayo Clinic — MenopauseAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [2]
  NHS — MenopauseAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [3]
  Cleveland Clinic — MenopauseAccessed: 2026-02-24