Osteoporosis

What is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis literally means "porous bones" and is characterized by reduced bone mineral density that significantly increases fracture risk. Bones become so weak that even mild stresses like bending over or coughing can cause a fracture, particularly in the hip, spine, and wrist. The disease progresses silently over years with no symptoms until a fracture occurs. In the UAE, the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, combined with sedentary indoor lifestyles and limited sun exposure despite the sunny climate, makes osteoporosis a significant public health concern, especially among postmenopausal women.

Symptoms

• ●Usually no symptoms until a fracture occurs
• ●Loss of height over time
• ●Stooped posture (kyphosis)
• ●Back pain from compressed vertebrae
• ●Bone fractures from minor falls or impacts
• ●Receding gums and weakened grip strength

What Causes Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis results from an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. After age 30, bone resorption gradually outpaces bone formation. Estrogen deficiency after menopause accelerates bone loss in women. Other causes include long-term corticosteroid use, vitamin D and calcium deficiency, hyperthyroidism, and conditions that affect nutrient absorption.

Risk Factors

• ⚠Postmenopausal women
• ⚠Vitamin D deficiency (extremely common in the UAE)
• ⚠Sedentary lifestyle and lack of weight-bearing exercise
• ⚠Low calcium intake
• ⚠Family history of osteoporosis or hip fractures
• ⚠Long-term corticosteroid use

How to Prevent Osteoporosis

Weight-bearing exercise (walking, jogging, dancing), adequate calcium intake (1000-1200 mg daily), and vitamin D supplementation are the cornerstones of prevention. Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol, and screening for vitamin D deficiency are essential in the UAE.

When to Get Tested

Women over 50 and men over 70 should have a bone density screening. Earlier testing is recommended for those with risk factors such as vitamin D deficiency, long-term steroid use, or a history of fragility fractures.

References & Sources

• [1]
  WHO — OsteoporosisAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [2]
  Mayo Clinic — OsteoporosisAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [3]
  NHS — OsteoporosisAccessed: 2026-02-24