Hypothyroidism

What is Hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism develops when the thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient amounts of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), which are essential for regulating metabolism, energy, and body temperature. The most common cause is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune condition that gradually destroys thyroid tissue. Symptoms often develop slowly over years, making the condition easy to miss without blood testing. In the UAE, hypothyroidism is frequently identified during routine health checks and pre-employment screenings.

Symptoms

• ●Fatigue and sluggishness
• ●Unexplained weight gain
• ●Increased sensitivity to cold
• ●Dry skin and brittle nails
• ●Constipation
• ●Depression and memory problems
• ●Muscle weakness and joint stiffness

What Causes Hypothyroidism?

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the leading cause, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes include thyroid surgery, radiation therapy to the neck, certain medications (such as lithium and amiodarone), and iodine deficiency. In some cases, pituitary gland disorders can also reduce thyroid hormone production.

Risk Factors

• ⚠Female sex (8 times more common in women)
• ⚠Age over 60 years
• ⚠Family history of thyroid or autoimmune disease
• ⚠Previous thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine treatment
• ⚠Autoimmune conditions such as celiac disease or lupus

How to Prevent Hypothyroidism

Regular thyroid screening, especially for women over 35, can detect hypothyroidism early. Maintaining adequate iodine intake through diet and attending routine health check-ups are key preventive strategies.

When to Get Tested

Testing is recommended if you experience persistent fatigue, unexplained weight gain, cold intolerance, or depression. Pregnant women and women planning pregnancy should also be screened.

References & Sources

• [1]
  Mayo Clinic — HypothyroidismAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [2]
  NHS — Underactive ThyroidAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [3]
  Cleveland Clinic — HypothyroidismAccessed: 2026-02-24