Hyperthyroidism

What is Hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland, located in the front of the neck, becomes overactive and produces too much thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). This excess accelerates the body's metabolism, causing rapid heart rate, weight loss, and nervousness. Graves' disease is the most common cause, accounting for approximately 70% of cases. In the UAE, thyroid disorders are frequently detected during routine health screenings.

Symptoms

• ●Unintentional weight loss
• ●Rapid or irregular heartbeat
• ●Increased appetite
• ●Tremors in hands and fingers
• ●Excessive sweating and heat intolerance
• ●Anxiety, irritability, and nervousness
• ●Difficulty sleeping

What Causes Hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism is most commonly caused by Graves' disease, an autoimmune condition where antibodies stimulate the thyroid to overproduce hormones. Other causes include toxic multinodular goiter, thyroid nodules, and thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland). Excessive iodine intake or overuse of thyroid hormone medication can also trigger the condition.

Risk Factors

• ⚠Female sex (5-10 times more common in women)
• ⚠Family history of thyroid disease
• ⚠Age over 60 years
• ⚠History of autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes
• ⚠Excessive iodine consumption
• ⚠Recent pregnancy or childbirth

How to Prevent Hyperthyroidism

While hyperthyroidism cannot always be prevented, early detection through regular thyroid screening can prevent complications. Avoiding excessive iodine supplements and managing stress levels may reduce the risk of flare-ups in susceptible individuals.

When to Get Tested

You should get tested if you experience unexplained weight loss, rapid heartbeat, excessive sweating, or tremors. Women over 35 and individuals with a family history of thyroid disease should consider routine screening.

References & Sources

• [1]
  Mayo Clinic — HyperthyroidismAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [2]
  NHS — Overactive ThyroidAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [3]
  Cleveland Clinic — HyperthyroidismAccessed: 2026-02-24