Iron Deficiency Anemia

What is Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia, affecting an estimated 1.2 billion people worldwide. Iron is essential for producing hemoglobin, which enables red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. When iron stores are depleted, the body produces fewer and smaller red blood cells, leading to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues and organs. In the UAE, studies indicate that iron deficiency affects a significant proportion of women of reproductive age and children. The condition is easily diagnosed through a complete blood count and iron studies, and is highly treatable with iron supplementation and dietary changes.

Symptoms

• ●Fatigue and weakness
• ●Pale skin, gums, and nail beds
• ●Dizziness and lightheadedness
• ●Cold hands and feet
• ●Brittle nails and hair loss
• ●Shortness of breath during exertion
• ●Unusual cravings (pica) for ice, dirt, or starch

What Causes Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Iron deficiency anemia results from insufficient iron intake, poor iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. Common causes include heavy menstrual bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding (ulcers, polyps, or colon cancer), pregnancy, and diets low in iron-rich foods. Conditions affecting iron absorption such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease can also lead to deficiency.

Risk Factors

• ⚠Women of reproductive age (due to menstrual blood loss)
• ⚠Pregnant women
• ⚠Vegetarian or vegan diet without iron supplementation
• ⚠Frequent blood donors
• ⚠Infants and young children with poor dietary iron
• ⚠Gastrointestinal disorders affecting absorption

How to Prevent Iron Deficiency Anemia

Eating iron-rich foods such as red meat, spinach, lentils, and fortified cereals helps prevent deficiency. Pairing iron-rich foods with vitamin C enhances absorption. Women with heavy periods and pregnant women should discuss iron supplementation with their healthcare provider.

When to Get Tested

Get tested if you experience persistent fatigue, pallor, dizziness, or shortness of breath. Women with heavy menstrual periods, pregnant women, and individuals on restricted diets should be screened regularly.

References & Sources

• [1]
  WHO — AnaemiaAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [2]
  Mayo Clinic — Iron Deficiency AnemiaAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [3]
  Cleveland Clinic — Iron Deficiency AnemiaAccessed: 2026-02-24