GERD (Acid Reflux)

What is GERD (Acid Reflux)?

GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) weakens or relaxes abnormally, allowing stomach contents to reflux into the esophagus. The acidic contents irritate the esophageal lining, causing the characteristic burning sensation known as heartburn. Over time, chronic acid exposure can cause esophagitis, strictures, Barrett's esophagus, and increase the risk of esophageal cancer. GERD is highly prevalent in the UAE, with studies suggesting rates higher than the global average, linked to dietary habits including spicy foods, late-night eating, and high consumption of caffeinated beverages.

Symptoms

• ●Burning sensation in the chest (heartburn) after eating
• ●Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
• ●Difficulty swallowing
• ●Sensation of a lump in the throat
• ●Chronic cough or hoarseness
• ●Disrupted sleep due to nighttime acid reflux

What Causes GERD (Acid Reflux)?

GERD is caused by frequent acid reflux due to a weakened or dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter. Contributing factors include obesity, hiatal hernia, delayed stomach emptying, and certain dietary habits. Pregnancy and certain medications such as NSAIDs and calcium channel blockers can also worsen reflux.

Risk Factors

• ⚠Obesity or overweight
• ⚠Hiatal hernia
• ⚠Smoking
• ⚠Eating large meals or eating late at night
• ⚠Frequent consumption of spicy, fatty, or acidic foods
• ⚠Pregnancy

How to Prevent GERD (Acid Reflux)

Prevention strategies include maintaining a healthy weight, eating smaller meals, avoiding lying down within three hours after eating, elevating the head of the bed, and limiting trigger foods such as spicy, fatty, and acidic items. Quitting smoking and reducing caffeine intake are also beneficial.

When to Get Tested

Seek testing if you experience heartburn more than twice a week, difficulty swallowing, or symptoms that do not improve with over-the-counter antacids.

References & Sources

• [1]
  Mayo Clinic — GERDAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [2]
  NHS — Gastro-oesophageal Reflux DiseaseAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [3]
  Cleveland Clinic — GERDAccessed: 2026-02-24