Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

What is Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)?

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver condition worldwide, and the UAE has one of the highest prevalence rates in the region due to lifestyle factors. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum from simple fatty liver (steatosis) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which involves inflammation and liver cell damage. NASH can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. Studies suggest that up to 25-30% of the UAE population may have some degree of fatty liver. Regular liver function testing and metabolic screening are essential for early detection, as the condition is often asymptomatic in its early stages.

Symptoms

• ●Fatigue and weakness
• ●Dull pain in the upper right abdomen
• ●Unexplained weight loss in advanced stages
• ●Abdominal swelling (ascites) in late stages
• ●Yellowing of skin and eyes (jaundice) in severe cases
• ●Enlarged liver detected on examination

What Causes Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)?

NAFLD is caused by metabolic dysfunction leading to excessive triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes. Insulin resistance is the primary driver, closely linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Genetic factors and gut microbiome alterations also play a role in disease susceptibility and progression.

Risk Factors

• ⚠Obesity especially central (abdominal) obesity
• ⚠Type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance
• ⚠High triglycerides and dyslipidemia
• ⚠Sedentary lifestyle
• ⚠Metabolic syndrome
• ⚠Rapid weight loss

How to Prevent Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise is the most effective prevention. A Mediterranean-style diet low in processed foods and sugars protects liver health. Gradual weight loss of 7-10% of body weight can reverse early-stage fatty liver.

When to Get Tested

Test if you are overweight, have diabetes or metabolic syndrome, or if routine blood work shows elevated liver enzymes. Screening is recommended for all adults with obesity in the UAE.

References & Sources

• [1]
  Mayo Clinic — Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [2]
  NHS — Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [3]
  Cleveland Clinic — Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseAccessed: 2026-02-24