Asthma

What is Asthma?

Asthma is a long-term condition that affects the airways in the lungs. During an asthma attack, the lining of the airways swells, the muscles around them tighten, and excess mucus is produced, making it difficult to breathe. Triggers include allergens, respiratory infections, exercise, cold air, and air pollution. In the UAE, dust storms, high humidity, and indoor allergens such as dust mites are particularly common triggers. The condition is highly manageable with proper medication and trigger avoidance.

Symptoms

• ●Wheezing when exhaling
• ●Shortness of breath
• ●Chest tightness or pain
• ●Chronic coughing, especially at night or early morning
• ●Difficulty sleeping due to breathing problems
• ●Worsening symptoms during exercise or cold weather

What Causes Asthma?

Asthma results from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. The immune system overreacts to certain triggers, causing airway inflammation, bronchospasm, and mucus production. Common triggers include allergens like dust mites, pollen, mold, pet dander, as well as respiratory infections and air pollutants.

Risk Factors

• ⚠Family history of asthma or allergies
• ⚠History of allergic conditions such as eczema or hay fever
• ⚠Exposure to air pollution and dust
• ⚠Respiratory infections in childhood
• ⚠Obesity
• ⚠Occupational exposure to chemical fumes or dust

How to Prevent Asthma

While asthma cannot be fully prevented, you can reduce flare-ups by identifying and avoiding triggers, using prescribed controller medications consistently, maintaining good indoor air quality, and getting annual flu vaccinations. Regular follow-ups with your doctor help optimize treatment.

When to Get Tested

Get tested if you experience recurrent wheezing, chronic cough especially at night, or shortness of breath that worsens with exercise or allergen exposure.

References & Sources

• [1]
  WHO — AsthmaAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [2]
  Mayo Clinic — AsthmaAccessed: 2026-02-24
• [3]
  NHS — AsthmaAccessed: 2026-02-24